Transoral removal of submandibular hilar lithiasis: results on the salivary duct system, glandular parenchyma, and quality-of-life recovery.

OBJECTIVE(S): To confirm that hilar transoral submandibular sialolitectomy (TOSL) is the first treatment option for submandibular hilar lithiasis (SHL) in terms of glandular parenchyma recovery, salivary system restoration, and patient quality of life (QoL) improvement. METHODS: Depending on whether the stone was easily palpable, TOSL was carried out with or without sialendoscopy. For the first time in the literature, Magnetic Resonance Sialography (MR-Si) was performed before and after TOSL, to evaluate stone characteristics, glandular parenchyma status, hilum dilation and main duct recanalization. Radiological data was examined independently by two radiologists. COSQ, a recently validated and specific questionnaire, was used to assess associated QoL. RESULTS: Between 2017 and 2022, 29 TOSL patients were examined. With a high interobserver correlation, MR-Si was confirmed as a very useful radiological test in the pre- and post-surgical evaluation of SHL. The salivary main duct was completely recanalized in all cases. The presence of lithiasis was found in 4 patients (13.8%). After surgery, the majority of patients (79.31%) had hilum dilation. There was a statistically significant improvement in parenchyma status, but no significant progression to glandular atrophy. After surgery, COSQ mean values always improved (22.5 to 4.5). CONCLUSIONS: TOSL is the ideal surgical technique for the management of SHL, resulting in improved parenchymal inflammatory changes, recanalization of Wharton's duct, and enhancement patients' QoL. As a result, before removing the submandibular gland, TOSL should be considered as the first treatment option for SHL.

Validación de un cuestionario específico de calidad de vida en sialoadenitis obstructiva crónica (CSOC) / Validation of a Spanish chronic obstructive sialadenitis quality of life questionnaire (CSOC)

Antecedentes y objetivos: El interés en la sialoadenitis obstructiva crónica está aumentando con la introducción de la sialoendoscopia. Es necesario contar con un instrumento para evaluar la calidad de vida en los pacientes con sialoadenitis obstructiva crónica que permita mejorar el manejo clínico y apoyar la investigación. Los objetivos del presente trabajo son diseñar un cuestionario en español para evaluar la calidad de vida en los pacientes con sialoadenitis obstructiva crónica, denominado CSOC, y evaluar su fiabilidad, validez y viabilidad.Material y métodosEstudio prospectivo, multicéntrico, observacional, en el que se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de sialoadenitis obstructiva crónica. Se realizaron una búsqueda bibliográfica y entrevistas con pacientes para la generación de las preguntas del cuestionario. A continuación, un panel de expertos evaluó la validez de contenido. La validez de constructo fue evaluada en una muestra de 120 pacientes y 100 controles. Los pacientes contestaron un CSOC, un short form-36 (SF-36) versión en español y una escala visual analógica (EVA). Se evaluó la viabilidad, la fiabilidad, la consistencia interna, la validez de constructo y la sensibilidad al cambio.ResultadosTodos los pacientes encontraron comprensible el instrumento. El tiempo requerido para completar el CSOC pre y postsialoendoscopia fue de 5,7 y 4,5min, respectivamente. El coeficiente α de Cronbach fue muy alto para el CSOC pre y postsialoendoscópico (0,90 y 0,94, respectivamente). La correlación con las dimensiones del SF-36 fue negativa y positiva con la EVA. La puntuación media del CSOC en el grupo con sialoadenitis fue de 28,63 (antes de la sialoendoscopia) y de 8,33 (después de la sialoendoscopia). En el grupo control la puntuación media del CSOC fue de 1,31.ConclusionesEl CSOC es comprensible, factible, fiable y representativo de la calidad de vida en pacientes con sialoadenitis obstructiva crónica.

Background and objectives: Interest in chronic obstructive sialadenitis is increasing with the introduction of sialendoscopy. A self-administered instrument to assess quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive sialadenitis is needed to improve clinical management and support research. The objectives of this study are to design a Spanish questionnaire to assess quality of life in chronic obstructive sialadenitis, named CSOC and assess its reliability, validity and feasibility.Material and methodsA prospective, multicentre, observational study was conducted. Patients with diagnosis of chronic obstructive sialadenitis were included in the study. The item generation process included a review of published data as well as interviews with patients. An expert panel then tested the content validity of the instrument, and the construct validity was tested in 120 patients and 100 controls. Patients completed a self-administered CSOC questionnaire, a Short Form-36 and a Visual Analogue Scale. Feasibility, reliability, internal consistency, construct validity and responsiveness were assessed.ResultsAll the patients found the instrument understandable. Cronbach α coefficient was high (0.85). The time required to fill out was 5.7 and 4.5min for pre and postsialendoscopy CSOC respectively. Cronbach α coefficient was very high for both pre and postsialendoscopy CSOC (0.90 and 0.94, respectively). The correlation with the SF-36 dimensions was negative and positive with the VAS. The mean score of CSOC was 28.63 and 8.33 for pre and postsialendoscopy. In the control group the mean score of CSOC was 1.31.ConclusionsThe CSOC questionnaire is understandable, feasible, reliable and representative of quality of life in chronic obstructive sialadenitis. (AU)

Validation of a Spanish chronic obstructive sialadenitis quality of life questionnaire (CSOC).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Interest in chronic obstructive sialadenitis is increasing with the introduction of sialendoscopy. A self-administered instrument to assess quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive sialadenitis is needed to improve clinical management and support research. The objectives of this study are to design a Spanish questionnaire to assess quality of life in chronic obstructive sialadenitis, named CSOC and assess its reliability, validity and feasibility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, multicentre, observational study was conducted. Patients with diagnosis of chronic obstructive sialadenitis were included in the study. The item generation process included a review of published data as well as interviews with patients. An expert panel then tested the content validity of the instrument, and the construct validity was tested in 120 patients and 100 controls. Patients completed a self-administered CSOC questionnaire, a Short Form-36 and a Visual Analogue Scale. Feasibility, reliability, internal consistency, construct validity and responsiveness were assessed. RESULTS: All the patients found the instrument understandable. Cronbach α coefficient was high (0.85). The time required to fill out was 5.7 and 4.5min for pre and postsialendoscopy CSOC respectively. Cronbach α coefficient was very high for both pre and postsialendoscopy CSOC (0.90 and 0.94 respectively). The correlation with the SF-36 dimensions was negative and positive with the VAS. The mean score of CSOC was 28.63 and 8.33 for pre and postsialendoscopy. In the control group the mean score of CSOC was 1.31. CONCLUSIONS: The CSOC questionnaire is understandable, feasible, reliable and representative of quality of life in chronic obstructive sialadenitis.

Chronic Obstructive Sialadenitis due to an Abnormal Wharton's Duct Draining to the Tonsillar Fossa.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive sialadenitis (COS) is an entity that causes a marked loss in patient quality of life, including changes in eating habits and a progressive loss of gland function. It is characterized by repeated episodes of painful glandular swelling often requiring emergency care. There are multiple causes of COS, including lithiasis, strictures, anatomical variants, and others. The development of specific imaging tests such as magnetic resonance (MR) sialography or sialendoscopy have increased knowledge of these obstructions and how to specifically treat them. CASE SUMMARY: We present an unusual case of a woman with a years-long history of chronic obstructive sialadenitis in which an abnormal path of Wharton's duct was in evidence. This duct, which was atrophic and smaller in diameter, opened in the tonsillar fossa rather than lateral to the lingual frenulum. This case, the first in vivo description of its kind, was confirmed by MR sialography and sialendoscopy. DISCUSSION: Congenital anomalies of the submandibular duct are a rare finding, but may cause COS. Therefore, COS requires a detailed diagnostic study, usually by ultrasound, MR sialography and sialendoscopy, to rule out complex anatomical variants.

Sialolithiasis: mineralogical composition, crystalline structure, calculus site, and epidemiological features.

The purpose of this paper was to describe the characteristics of salivary calculi and their relationship to epidemiological factors, through a cross-sectional study. We analysed 100 calculi obtained in 2017-2021. Patient data including age, time since onset of symptoms, gland involved, and site of location in the salivary system were studied. The calculi were studied to determine their morphological features using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive plain radiographic analysis. Most of the calculi had formed in the submandibular gland (SG) (82%). The mean age of patients at onset was 45.83 years; patients presenting parotid gland (PG) stones were somewhat older (p = 0.031). The mean time since the onset of symptoms was longer in PG calculi (p = 0.038). The most common lithiasis site was the main duct (74%), followed by the hilum (22%). Hilar stones were the largest (p < 0.05) and heaviest (p = 0.028). Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) was the most common crystalline phase (Cp) founded, followed by hydroxyapatite (HA) and whitlockite (WH). Specifically, OCP had a higher presence in PG calculi (p = 0.029) and WH was the most common phase in SG calculi (p = 0.017). The most prevalent site of lithiasis was the main duct, and the largest and heaviest calculi were found in the SG. PG stones were associated with a longer history of symptoms and older age. OCP was the most frequent Cp of the calculi studied, and the main Cp in PG stones. WH was the predominant Cp in SG stones. The Cp of the calculi was not influenced by location, patient age, or time of symptoms.

Wearable powered exoskeletons for gait training in tetraplegia: a systematic review on feasibility, safety and potential health benefits.

BACKGROUND: Recent developments in wearable powered exoskeletons (WPE) allow gait training (GT) for patients after spinal cord injury (SCI). Two recent meta-analyses on GT using WPE showed promising results for paraplegic patients (PP). To this date, there is no review focusing on tetraplegic patients (TP). OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this review was to assess feasibility and safety of GT using WPE in patients after tetraplegia. METHOD: This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA-S guidelines. Two independent reviewers searched several databases for studies on GT using WPE for TP. Primary outcomes concerned the number, type and severity of reported adverse events (AE). Secondary outcomes examined potential additional health benefits (AHB). RESULTS: Forty-one studies (6 randomized trials, 24 cohorts and 11 cases series) were selected, including 166 TP, 26 with complete lesions (AIS A) and 71 with level of injury above C6. Minor AE were reported in 17 TP, concerning cutaneous, cardiovascular or musculoskeletal systems. Occurrence of AE is significantly higher in a PP population compared to TP (p value = 0.001). Only one major AE concerned a TP. Studies of low level of evidence suggest that GT using WPE could lead to improvements in walking parameters, cardiovascular efficiency and to a reduction of spasticity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: GT using WPE is a feasible and safe intervention for TP. To minimize occurrence of AE, a good patient selection and preparation is proposed. Future clinical trials should be performed to confirm current trends in terms of efficacy and potential AHB.

p16 Influence on Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Relapse and Survival.

OBJECTIVE: (1) To identify p16 protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) specimens and to correlate it with the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) found in these specimens from a previous study. (2) To analyze p16 impact on 10-year overall and disease-free survival. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series with oncologic database chart review. SETTING: Academic tertiary care hospital. SUBJECTS: A total of 123 samples of LSCC (taken from the glottis only) from patients treated with primary surgical resection between 1977 and 2005. METHODS: p16 protein expression was analyzed through immunohistochemistry and compared with the presence of HPV established in our previous studies. Results were compared with histologic, clinicopathologic, and survival parameters, with a 10-year follow-up. RESULTS: Of the samples, 39.02% were positive for p16, but only 11.38% were positive for both p16 and HPV. The p16+ cohort showed a significant improvement in disease-free survival ( P = .0022); statistical significance was not achieved for overall survival. p16+ cases had fewer relapses over time, with no relapses after a 2-year follow-up. Age at the time of diagnosis and tobacco consumption were the only epidemiologic factors that influenced overall survival. CONCLUSION: The expression of p16 protein was a beneficial prognostic factor for disease-free survival among patients with LSCC of the glottis, with no relapses after a 2-year follow-up.

Microscopic approach for repairing nasal septal perforations using bilateral advancement flaps.

BACKGROUND: Septal perforations consist in an anatomic defect of the mucosal, cartilaginous and/or bone tissues of the nasal septum. A huge variety of approaches and techniques for nasal perforation repair have been reported. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL: Between January 2008 and January 2017, 38 patients were treated for nasal septal perforation in Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain. A novel approach is presented based on microscope. Septal perforation closure was performed with endonasal bilateral advancement flaps-established technique and autologous cartilage and muscle temporal fascia grafts. We performed a retrospective review of closure rates and complications. RESULTS: A postoperative follow-up of at least 12 months was performed in 37 patients. The mean size of perforation was 1.33 cm. After the withdrawal of the silicone splints, perforations were completely closed in all cases. However, during the follow-up, four patients resulted in a reperforation, so our closure rate was 89.19%. For all cases, symptoms related to septal defect were solved. Only one case was reported of local infections that was resolved with antibiotics in a few days. CONCLUSIONS: Microscopic approach of septal perforation closure using bilateral advancement flaps can be an affordable technique with a high percent of success and low rate of complications.

Cell-Mediated Immune Predictors of Vaccine Effect on Viral Load and CD4 Count in a Phase 2 Therapeutic HIV-1 Vaccine Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: In a placebo-controlled trial of the peptide-based therapeutic HIV-1 p24Gag vaccine candidate Vacc-4x, participants on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) received six immunizations over 18weeks, followed by analytical treatment interruption (ATI) between weeks 28 and 52. Cell-mediated immune responses were investigated as predictors of Vacc-4x effect (VE) on viral load (VL) and CD4 count during ATI. METHODS: All analyses of week 28 responses and fold-changes relative to baseline considered per-protocol participants (Vacc-4x:placebo=72:32) resuming cART after week 40. Linear regression models with interaction tests were used. VE was estimated as the Vacc-4x-placebo difference in log10-transformed VL (VEVL) or CD4 count (VECD4). FINDINGS: A lower fold-change of CD4+ T-cell proliferation was associated with VECD4 at week 48 (p=0.036, multiplicity adjusted q=0.036) and week 52 (p=0.040, q=0.080). A higher fold-change of IFN-γ in proliferation supernatants was associated with VEVL at week 44 (p=0.047, q=0.07). A higher fold-change of TNF-α was associated with VEVL at week 44 (p=0.045, q=0.070), week 48 (p=0.028, q=0.070), and week 52 (p=0.037, q=0.074). A higher fold-change of IL-6 was associated with VEVL at week 48 (p=0.017, q=0.036). TNF-α levels (>median) were associated with VECD4 at week 48 (p=0.009, q=0.009). INTERPRETATION: These exploratory analyses highlight the potential value of investigating biomarkers in T-cell proliferation supernatants for VE in clinical studies.

CT findings and clinical features of pancreatic hemolymphangioma: a case report and review of the literature.

Pancreatic hemolymphangioma is a very rare benign tumor. There were only 10 reports of this disease until June 2014.The aim of the present study was to describe a hemolymphangioma in the neck and body of the pancreas in a 57-year-old woman.The method used in the present study consists of description of the clinical history, image lab features, and pathological result.The patient complained of a 10-day history of epigastric discomfort. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a cystic-solid tumor with an irregular shape, in the neck and body of the pancreas. The tumoral cystic wall and its internal division could be seen intensified on contrast-enhanced CT images compared with those on precontrast images. The pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis.The clinical feature of pancreatic hemolymphangioma includes a lack of specificity. The CT appearance combined with age and sex may be useful in making an early diagnosis.

NYVAC immunization induces polyfunctional HIV-specific T-cell responses in chronically-infected, ART-treated HIV patients.

We report the results of the Theravac-01 phase I trial, which was conducted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a poxvirus-based vector, NYVAC, expressing Gag, Pol, Nef, and Env from an HIV clade B isolate. NYVAC-B vaccine was injected intra-muscularly into ten HIV-infected patients successfully treated with antiretroviral therapy, twice on day 0 and again at week 4. Safety and immunogenicity were monitored for 48 weeks. HIV-specific T-cell responses following immunization were quantitatively analyzed using an IFN-γ ELISPOT assay and qualitatively characterized for their functional profile (including multiple cytokines secretion plus cytotoxic and proliferation capacity) by polychromatic flow cytometry. Our results indicate that the NYVAC-B vaccine is safe and highly immunogenic, as indicated by increased HIV-specific T-cell responses in virtually all vaccinees. Interestingly, both an expansion of preexisting T-cell responses, and the appearance of newly detected HIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses were observed. Furthermore, immunization mostly induced an increase in Gag-specific T-cell responses. In conclusion, NYVAC-B immunization induces broad, vigorous, and polyfunctional HIV-specific T-cell responses, suggesting that poxvirus-based vaccine regimens may be instrumental in the therapeutic HIV vaccine field.

An HIV-1 clade C DNA prime, NYVAC boost vaccine regimen induces reliable, polyfunctional, and long-lasting T cell responses.

The EuroVacc 02 phase I trial has evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a prime-boost regimen comprising recombinant DNA and the poxvirus vector NYVAC, both expressing a common immunogen consisting of Env, Gag, Pol, and Nef polypeptide domain from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 clade C isolate, CN54. 40 volunteers were randomized to receive DNA C or nothing on day 0 and at week 4, followed by NYVAC C at weeks 20 and 24. The primary immunogenicity endpoints were measured at weeks 26 and 28 by the quantification of T cell responses using the interferon gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Our results indicate that the DNA C plus NYVAC C vaccine regimen was highly immunogenic, as indicated by the detection of T cell responses in 90% of vaccinees and was superior to responses induced by NYVAC C alone (33% of responders). The vaccine-induced T cell responses were (a) vigorous in the case of the env response (mean 480 spot-forming units/10(6) mononuclear cells at weeks 26/28), (b) polyfunctional for both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, (c) broad (the average number of epitopes was 4.2 per responder), and (d) durable (T cell responses were present in 70% of vaccinees at week 72). The vaccine-induced T cell responses were strongest and most frequently directed against Env (91% of vaccines), but smaller responses against Gag-Pol-Nef were also observed in 48% of vaccinees. These results support the development of the poxvirus platform in the HIV vaccine field and the further clinical development of the DNA C plus NYVAC C vaccine regimen.

Skewed association of polyfunctional antigen-specific CD8 T cell populations with HLA-B genotype.

We studied CD8 T cell responses against HIV-1, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and influenza in 128 subjects and demonstrate that polyfunctional CD8 T cell responses, also including IL-2 production and Ag-specific proliferation, are predominantly driven by virus epitopes restricted by HLA-B alleles. Interestingly, these protective CD8 T cells are equipped with low-avidity T cell receptors (TCRs) for the cognate virus epitope. Conversely, HLA-A-restricted epitopes are mostly associated with "only effector" IFN-gamma-secreting, with cytotoxicity, and with the lack of IL-2 production and Ag-specific proliferation. These CD8 T cells are equipped with high-avidity TCR and express higher levels of the T cell exhaustion marker PD-1. Thus, the functional profile of the CD8 T cell response is strongly influenced by the extent to which there is stimulation of polyfunctional (predominantly restricted by HLA-B) versus only effector (restricted by HLA-A) T cell responses. These results provide the rationale for the observed protective role of HLA-B in HIV-1-infection and new insights into the relationship between TCR avidity, PD-1 expression, and the functional profile of CD8 T cells.

Educación de Adultos y Democracia / Democracy and education adult

El libro presenta el resultado de la VI Jornadas Iberoamericanas de Educación de Adultos y reúne un conjunto de ponencias de los participantes, en las que reflexionan sobre las tendencias de la corriente histórica de la educación de adultos y popular, dentro del contexto actual de la vida democrática. Estas ponencias orientan a analizar las relaciones entre educación de adultos y democracia, teniendo como referentes las dimensiones actuales y futuras de ambos aspectos en relación con las tendencias políticas, sociales y económicas del desarrollo; las orientaciones surgidas de la teoría del desarrollo local; la concepción misma de la democracia en los países iberoamericanos; el rol del Estado y de la sociedad civil en los procesos actuales de democratización; los derechos humanos; el papel de las ONGs en la construcción democrática; la función cumplida por la educación de adultos en democracias más consolidadas. Asimismo, se incluyen algunas experiencias, las que muestras caminos alternativos y estrategias de acción para que la educación de adultos y popular se constituyan en instrumentos eficaces de la democracia política y la convivencia social

Prevalencia de serología positiva para Chagas en madres parturientas de la maternidad "German Urquidi" / Prevalence of positive serology for Chagas disease in women for delivery at the Obstetric Hospital German Urquidi

Este trabajo busca establecer la correlación inmunológi ca entre la madre chagásica y la sangre del cordón umbilical, entre parasitemia de cordón umbilical y el chagas materno; determinar la incidencia de niños prematuros y bajo peso al nacer con la infección chagásica materna.